Q.) Naxalism is showing a descending trend, yet at the same time influences many parts of the country. Examine the reasons for Naxalism and steps taken by the government to counter the difficulties presented by Naxalism.

Ans– Naxalism is a term used to characterize fierce exercises in the interest of landless workers and tribals against landowners and others by certain people and gatherings.

The Naxalite development came to the forefront in the last part of the 1960s, when Naxalbari became renowned for the left-wing revolt that occurred in West Bengal. From that point forward, it is seen as the best danger to peace and lawfulness inside India. The development has now progressed to the hilly and forest regions of around 8 unique states, with more than 150 districts accepted to be under its immediate impact. Despite Naxalism being named as the most concerning issue in Adivasi regions, the social issues are a lot more extensive as joblessness, neediness, and financial injustices.

The recent Sukma Naxal attack points out the huge question mark on internal security and whether Naxalism is again getting the rise. Naxalism refers to the use of violence to disturb the states through various communist guerrilla warfare.

Causes of Naxalism–

1. governance deficit–
   – mismanagement and corruption
   – trained and poorly motivated public personnel
   – poor implementation of schemes
2. Development deficit
   – poverty
   – unemployment
   – Lack of education
   – Poor health facilities
3. Issue of Jal, Jungle, and Zameen
   – Encroachment and occupation
   – Land acquisition and poor Land Reforms
   – forest mismanagement
4. Social exclusion
   – Violation of human rights
   – denotified tribes
   – abuse of dignity of life
   – Discontent against government

Rise of Naxalism in India—

The struggle began even before India acquired independence from the British because the Britishers constrained the tribals into farming.

After freedom, according to the fifth and sixth Schedule, the public authority of India turned into the caretaker of all woods and forest grounds, finishing the independence of the tribal.

This sensation of estrangement drove the tribals to send off assaults on security powers. The latest assault was in Sukma of Chhattisgarh in 2017 when 25 CRPF soldiers were martyred. The highlight noted here is that the majority of the assaults sent off have been in regions where the proficiency rate is exceptionally low.

The tribals don’t have an appropriate discretionary portrayal distancing them further from the public authority.

Steps were taken by the government–

1. About a decade ago operation green hunt was started where the massive deployment of security forces was done in Naxal-affected areas.
2. Scheme for modernization of police force and fortification of Police Stations.
3. Launched SAMADHAN doctrine which includes helicopter support, joint task force along interstate boundaries, prevention of money laundering act choke funds, etc.
4. Aspirational district program to rapidly transform districts with lesser progress.
5. Civic action and media plan scheme to counter Naxalism, misleading and living tribal population.
6. Surrender and rehabilitation policy for Naxalites.
7. Bringing infrastructure development and education and health facilities.
8. Assistance to Central Agencies for Naxal management like Commando battalion for resolute action (COBRA), CAPF.

India as a country with an especially rich culture, the greater part rule approach and Unity in the assortment is significantly more over the desires of the Urban Naxals. The Indian state united both people-driven and enemy-driven techniques in dealing with the Maoist revolt which was shown in chasing after the Maoists’ larger part by submitting liberal state resources for strengthening the security-understanding establishment.

The strategic effort from Central and Naxal affected States has reduced the Naxal footprint showing a downward trend. but by enhancing the Intelligence Network and proper monitoring and coordination mechanism for the reduction of Naxalism, India can address the Naxalism through a comprehensive strategy.